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In the study, researchers analyzed data from more than 940,000 patients treated for acid reflux between 1964 and 2014 in five Scandinavian countries. Of the those with reflux in the study, about 895,000 received medical treatment. A total of 2,370 of those treated (0.3 per cent) developed cancer of the esophagus during the follow-up period. The study findings are published online Aug. 23, 2018 by the journal JAMA Oncology.
The risk of cancer of the esophagus decreased over time following treatment and was similar to that of the overall population after 15 years or more in those who received medication.
Of the more than 48,400 patients who underwent anti-reflux surgery, 177 (0.4 per cent) developed cancer of the esophagus during the follow-up period. The risk of esophageal cancer also clearly fell in this group and was at the same level as in the overall population 15 years or more after the operation.
When the patients with reflux who had an operation were compared with those treated with medication, the patients who had been operated on had a slightly higher risk of esophageal cancer during the entire follow-up period, but the risk did not increase over time. The researchers believe that may be due to the fact that the operated patients had more serious reflux from the beginning.
"The results show that effective medical or surgical treatment of reflux prevents cancer of the esophagus." says John Maret-Ouda, physician and scientist at the Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery at Karolinska Institutet in Sweden. "But because the individual's risk of developing esophageal cancer is low, even in those with reflux disease, the results do not justify treating reflux solely as a cancer-preventive measure."
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