The study involved data on alcohol exposure from almost all countries of the world compiled by surveys and alcohol sales statistics. The data were combined with relative risk estimates based on level of alcohol consumption. The study is published online July 13, 2021 in the journal Lancet Oncology.
Using the data in a statistical model, the researchers at the Center for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH) found that the increased risk of cancer was evident even among light to moderate drinkers, defined as up to two drinks per day. According to the model such drinkers represented 1 in 7 new cancers in 2020 and more than 100,000 cases worldwide.
CAMH is Canada's largest mental health and addiction teaching hospital and a world leading research center in this field.
As an example of how the model works, the researchers showed that in Canada, alcohol use was linked to 7,000 new cancer cases in 2020, which made up 24 percent of breast cancer cases, 20 percent of colon cancers, 15 percent of rectal cancers, and 13 percent of oral and liver cancers.
“Alcohol causes cancer in numerous ways,” explained Dr. Kevin Shield, Independent Scientist, Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, and study co-author. “The main mechanism of how alcohol causes cancer is through impairing DNA repair. Additional pathways include chronic alcohol consumption resulting in liver cirrhosis, and alcohol leading to a dysregulation of sex hormones, leading to breast cancer. Alcohol also increases the risk of head and neck cancer for smokers as it increases the absorption of carcinogens from tobacco.”
Based on their findings, the researchers are recommending public policy measures to reduce alcohol-related health risks.
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